Docker命令

底层原理

在说Docker命令前先简要说一下它的原理

Docker是怎么工作的？

Docker是一个Client-Server结构的系统，Docker的守护进行运行在主机上。通过Socket从客户端访问。

DockerServer接收到Docker-Client的指令，就会执行这个命令

Docker为什么比VM快

  1. Docker有着比虚拟机更少的抽象层
  2. Docker利用的是宿主机的内核，vm需要的是Guest OS

新建一个容器的时候，docker不需要像虚拟机一样重新加载一个操作系统内核，避免引导。虚拟机是加载Guest OS，分钟级别的，而docker是利用宿主机的操作系统，省略了这个复杂的过程，秒级。

帮助命令

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docker version       # 显示docker版本信息
docker info          # 显示docker系统信息，包括镜像和容器的数量
docker <命令> --help # 帮助命令

帮助文档地址：Reference documentation | Docker Documentation

镜像命令

docker images

查看所有本地主机上的镜像

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d3ic1de@d3ic1de-virtual-machine:~/Desktop/lnmp$ docker images
REPOSITORY    TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED        SIZE
fbraz3/lnmp   latest    b1305ced5bb0   8 days ago     917MB
hello-world   latest    9c7a54a9a43c   2 months ago   13.3kB

# 解释
REPOSITORY  仓库的镜像源
TAG         镜像的标签
IMAGE ID    镜像的id
CREATED     镜像的创建空间
SIZE        镜像的大小

# 可选项
Options:
  -a, --all             Show all images (default hides intermediate images) # 列出所有镜像
      --digests         Show digests
  -f, --filter filter   Filter output based on conditions provided
      --format string   Format output using a custom template:
                        'table':            Print output in table format
                        with column headers (default)
                        'table TEMPLATE':   Print output in table format
                        using the given Go template
                        'json':             Print in JSON format
                        'TEMPLATE':         Print output using the given
                        Go template.
                        Refer to https://docs.docker.com/go/formatting/
                        for more information about formatting output with
                        templates
      --no-trunc        Don't truncate output
  -q, --quiet           Only show image IDs  # 只显示镜像的id

搜索镜像

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d3ic1de@d3ic1de-virtual-machine:~/Desktop/lnmp$ docker search mysql
NAME                            DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
mysql                           MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation…   14278     [OK]       
mariadb                         MariaDB Server is a high performing open sou…   5455      [OK]       
percona                         Percona Server is a fork of the MySQL relati…   617       [OK]       
phpmyadmin                      phpMyAdmin - A web interface for MySQL and M…   832       [OK]       

# 可选项
Options:
  -f, --filter filter   Filter output based on conditions provided
      --format string   Pretty-print search using a Go template
      --limit int       Max number of search results
      --no-trunc        Don't truncate output
# 通过搜藏来过滤
--filter=STARS=3000  # 搜索出来的镜像就是STARS大于3000的

d3ic1de@d3ic1de-virtual-machine:~/Desktop/lnmp$ docker search mysql --filter=STARS=3000
NAME      DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
mysql     MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation…   14278     [OK]       
mariadb   MariaDB Server is a high performing open sou…   5455      [OK]

docker pull 下载镜像

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# 下载镜像 docker pull 镜像名[:tag]
d3ic1de@d3ic1de-virtual-machine:~/Desktop/mysql$ docker pull mysql
Using default tag: latest  # 如果不写版本(tag)# ，默认就是 latest
latest: Pulling from library/mysql
e2c03c89dcad: Pull complete  # 分层下载，docker image的核心 联合文件系统
68eb43837bf8: Pull complete 
796892ddf5ac: Pull complete 
6bca45eb31e1: Pull complete 
ebb53bc0dcca: Pull complete 
2e2c6bdc7a40: Pull complete 
6f27b5c76970: Pull complete 
438533a24810: Pull complete 
e5bdf19985e0: Pull complete 
667fa148337b: Pull complete 
5baa702110e4: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:232936eb036d444045da2b87a90d48241c60b68b376caf509051cb6cffea6fdc
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:latest
docker.io/library/mysql:latest # 真实地址

# 等价
docker pull mysql
docker pull docker.io/library/mysql:latest

# 指定版本下载
d3ic1de@d3ic1de-virtual-machine:~/Desktop/mysql_8.0.33$ docker pull mysql:8.0.33
8.0.33: Pulling from library/mysql #因为最新版也是8.0.33所以也会从这个库下载，当下载别的版本在分层下载时，已有的层就不会重复下载
Digest: sha256:232936eb036d444045da2b87a90d48241c60b68b376caf509051cb6cffea6fdc
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:8.0.33
docker.io/library/mysql:8.0.33

docker rmi 删除

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docker rmi -f 镜像id  # 删除指定的容器
docker rmi -f 镜像id 镜像id 镜像id 镜像id... # 删除多个容器
docker rmi -f $(docker images -aq) # 删除全部的容器

容器命令

有了镜像才可以创建容器，我就在我的ubuntu上整一个centos镜像来测试(套娃(x)

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docker pull centos

新建容器并启动

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docker run [可选参数] image

# 参数说明
--name="Name"    容器名字  用来区分容器
-d               后台方式运行
-it              使用交互方式运行，进入容器查看内容
-p               指定容器的端口 -p 8080:8080
	-p ip:主机端口:容器端口
	-p 主机端口:容器端口 (常用)
	-p 容器端口
-P               随机指定容器

#启动并进入容器
d3ic1de@d3ic1de-virtual-machine:~/Desktop/centos$ docker run -it centos /bin/bash
[root@20ec2abf8310 /]# ls # 基础版本，很多命令不完善
bin  etc   lib	  lost+found  mnt  proc  run   srv  tmp  var
dev  home  lib64  media       opt  root  sbin  sys  usr

# 从容器中退出
[root@20ec2abf8310 /]# exit 
exit
d3ic1de@d3ic1de-virtual-machine:~/Desktop/centos$

列出所有运行的容器

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# docker ps 命令
-a # 列出当前正在运行的容器+带出历史运行过得容器
-n=? # 显示最近创建的容器
-q # 只显示容器的编号
d3ic1de@d3ic1de-virtual-machine:~/Desktop/centos$ docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES
d3ic1de@d3ic1de-virtual-machine:~/Desktop/centos$ docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE          COMMAND                  CREATED         STATUS                          PORTS                                            NAMES
20ec2abf8310   centos         "/bin/bash"              8 minutes ago   Exited (0) About a minute ago                                                    upbeat_tu
ae2079b0b404   0667dbb1308e   "sh -c 'java $JAVA_O…"   9 hours ago     Exited (137) 9 hours ago                                                         rmqconsole
533573e1fdac   91fcc442211e   "sh mqbroker -c /opt…"   9 hours ago     Exited (137) 9 hours ago                                                         rmqbroker
3caf5c654159   91fcc442211e   "sh mqnamesrv"           9 hours ago     Exited (137) 9 hours ago                                                         rmqnamesrv
33f46149ea98   fbraz3/lnmp    "/docker-entrypoint.…"   47 hours ago    Exited (0) 23 hours ago         127.0.0.1:80->80/tcp, 127.0.0.1:3306->3306/tcp   lnmp_web_1
92caa0397783   hello-world    "/hello"                 2 days ago      Exited (0) 2 days ago                                                            quizzical_euclid

退出容器

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exit # 停止容器并退出
Ctrl + P Q # 容器不停止退出

删除容器

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docker rm 容器id                 # 删除指定容器，不能删除正在运行的容器
docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq)   # 删除所有容器
docker ps -a -q|xargs docker rm # 删除所有的容器

启动和停止容器

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docker start 容器id     #启动容器
docker restart 容器id   #重启容器
docker stop 容器id      #停止当前正在运行的容器
docker kill 容器id      #强制停止当前容器

其他常用命令

后台启动容器

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docekr run -d 镜像名
3ic1de@d3ic1de-virtual-machine:~/Desktop$ docker run -d centos

# 问题docker ps 发现 centos 停止了

# 常见的坑，docker 容器使用后台运行，就必须要有一个前台进程，docker发现没有应用就会自动停止
# nginx，容器启动后，发现自己没有提供服务，就会立刻停止，没有程序了

查看日志

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docker logs

Options:
      --details        Show extra details provided to logs
  -f, --follow         Follow log output
      --since string   Show logs since timestamp (e.g.
                       "2013-01-02T13:23:37Z") or relative (e.g. "42m"
                       for 42 minutes)
  -n, --tail string    Number of lines to show from the end of the logs
                       (default "all")
  -t, --timestamps     Show timestamps
      --until string   Show logs before a timestamp (e.g.
                       "2013-01-02T13:23:37Z") or relative (e.g. "42m"
                       for 42 minutes)
                       
docker logs -f -t --tail 条数 容器id  #没有日志
# 自己写个shell
d3ic1de@d3ic1de-virtual-machine:~/Desktop$ docker run -d centos /bin/sh -c "while true;do echo 111;sleep 1;done"

d3ic1de@d3ic1de-virtual-machine:~/Desktop$ docker logs -f -t --tail 10 2540f2b9ecf1
2023-07-08T06:32:09.175696908Z 111
2023-07-08T06:32:10.184045587Z 111
2023-07-08T06:32:11.190349012Z 111
2023-07-08T06:32:12.202386500Z 111
2023-07-08T06:32:13.209560305Z 111
2023-07-08T06:32:14.217477073Z 111
2023-07-08T06:32:15.223019838Z 111
2023-07-08T06:32:16.228605450Z 111
2023-07-08T06:32:17.235553572Z 111
2023-07-08T06:32:18.239981668Z 111
2023-07-08T06:32:19.248409996Z 111
2023-07-08T06:32:20.257108808Z 111
2023-07-08T06:32:21.266663642Z 111
2023-07-08T06:32:22.271499978Z 111
2023-07-08T06:32:23.280980439Z 111

查看容器中进程信息

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# 命令 docker top 容器id

d3ic1de@d3ic1de-virtual-machine:~/Desktop$ docker top 2540f2b9ecf1 
UID                 PID                 PPID                C                   STIME                      
root                3310                3285                0                   14:26                   
root                4297                3310                0                   14:40

查看镜像元数据

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docker inspect 容器id

Options:
  -f, --format string   Format output using a custom template:
                        'json':             Print in JSON format
                        'TEMPLATE':         Print output using the given Go template.
                        Refer to https://docs.docker.com/go/formatting/ for more information about formatting output with templates
  -s, --size            Display total file sizes if the type is container
      --type string     Return JSON for specified type
      
# 测试
d3ic1de@d3ic1de-virtual-machine:~/Desktop$ docker inspect 33f46149ea98
[
    {
        "Id": "33f46149ea988dad0035ef7d471ac677490fc232d041f0d1803315ba47cb54cb",
        "Created": "2023-07-05T16:41:40.599620735Z",
        "Path": "/docker-entrypoint.sh",
        "Args": [],
        "State": {
            "Status": "exited",
            "Running": false,
            "Paused": false,
            "Restarting": false,
            "OOMKilled": false,
            "Dead": false,
            "Pid": 0,
            "ExitCode": 0,
            "Error": "",
            "StartedAt": "2023-07-05T16:41:42.025974427Z",
            "FinishedAt": "2023-07-06T16:31:09.831610891Z"
        },
        "Image": "sha256:b1305ced5bb0efd45ef3d37231ee304369d68f3348417a936b977ad0b635a005",
        "ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/33f46149ea988dad0035ef7d471ac677490fc232d041f0d1803315ba47cb54cb/resolv.conf",
        "HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/33f46149ea988dad0035ef7d471ac677490fc232d041f0d1803315ba47cb54cb/hostname",
        "HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/33f46149ea988dad0035ef7d471ac677490fc232d041f0d1803315ba47cb54cb/hosts",
        "LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/33f46149ea988dad0035ef7d471ac677490fc232d041f0d1803315ba47cb54cb/33f46149ea988dad0035ef7d471ac677490fc232d041f0d1803315ba47cb54cb-json.log",
        "Name": "/lnmp_web_1",
        "RestartCount": 0,
        "Driver": "overlay2",
        "Platform": "linux",
        "MountLabel": "",
        "ProcessLabel": "",
        "AppArmorProfile": "docker-default",
        "ExecIDs": null,
        "HostConfig": {
            "Binds": [
                "/home/d3ic1de/Desktop/lnmp:/app/public:rw"
            ],
            "ContainerIDFile": "",
            "LogConfig": {
                "Type": "json-file",
                "Config": {}
            },
            "NetworkMode": "default",
            "PortBindings": {
                "3306/tcp": [
                    {
                        "HostIp": "127.0.0.1",
                        "HostPort": "3306"
                    }
                ],
                "80/tcp": [
                    {
                        "HostIp": "127.0.0.1",
                        "HostPort": "80"
                    }
                ]
            },
            "RestartPolicy": {
                "Name": "",
                "MaximumRetryCount": 0
            },
            "AutoRemove": false,
            "VolumeDriver": "",
            "VolumesFrom": [],
            "ConsoleSize": [
                0,
                0
            ],
            "CapAdd": null,
            "CapDrop": null,
            "CgroupnsMode": "private",
            "Dns": [],
            "DnsOptions": [],
            "DnsSearch": [],
            "ExtraHosts": null,
            "GroupAdd": null,
            "IpcMode": "private",
            "Cgroup": "",
            "Links": null,
            "OomScoreAdj": 0,
            "PidMode": "",
            "Privileged": false,
            "PublishAllPorts": false,
            "ReadonlyRootfs": false,
            "SecurityOpt": null,
            "UTSMode": "",
            "UsernsMode": "",
            "ShmSize": 67108864,
            "Runtime": "runc",
            "Isolation": "",
            "CpuShares": 0,
            "Memory": 0,
            "NanoCpus": 0,
            "CgroupParent": "",
            "BlkioWeight": 0,
            "BlkioWeightDevice": null,
            "BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
            "CpuPeriod": 0,
            "CpuQuota": 0,
            "CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
            "CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
            "CpusetCpus": "",
            "CpusetMems": "",
            "Devices": null,
            "DeviceCgroupRules": null,
            "DeviceRequests": null,
            "MemoryReservation": 0,
            "MemorySwap": 0,
            "MemorySwappiness": null,
            "OomKillDisable": null,
            "PidsLimit": null,
            "Ulimits": null,
            "CpuCount": 0,
            "CpuPercent": 0,
            "IOMaximumIOps": 0,
            "IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
            "MaskedPaths": [
                "/proc/asound",
                "/proc/acpi",
                "/proc/kcore",
                "/proc/keys",
                "/proc/latency_stats",
                "/proc/timer_list",
                "/proc/timer_stats",
                "/proc/sched_debug",
                "/proc/scsi",
                "/sys/firmware"
            ],
            "ReadonlyPaths": [
                "/proc/bus",
                "/proc/fs",
                "/proc/irq",
                "/proc/sys",
                "/proc/sysrq-trigger"
            ]
        },
        "GraphDriver": {
            "Data": {
                "LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/af3e66825c1b954f8d4f7617cebb1fcf1c10c991df29ddc4e3d4c5cdd07a9d28-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/24a5a1ab90146cbed5589e243f65f796848ed16ddbe9bbbe868d6094614485ae/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/2c1c4fbe35ea4ce9d983ea120ea59c81c094b00108541918891703e4e570d110/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/b8dac61c0604607c92b634fb9393b9aa676de803dc6847a6ab52a3c23d3fc666/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/a61933463a0cac7eec97d3bf52331d1d11185eb649061439eeb1fbbbb652e914/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/b104a579067dafad0665dfbd4eb792f5375df094c114a11c99d799b33f307d58/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/c9ac23e243df39d6ea5e2c0db797af5078c01ae378c14a5dc1fd582849c263c2/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/2593d207d5ee0bd40203f56cd3658053efdd1cd4458b69035eb014b6b80d672e/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/01d70802708a2698bdfbdce086c2a123430c2157d21e20009962709d31e6aedd/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/49fc21885e09cf2a539c3a17fe75f6f7da76f8308995b6c6af7b6af80ec1a46a/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/32dcc439ab20279acfb4b3a1fdefad0ce37134dbe0087bffc7f388090ea09774/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/77c3496fc76d955f8d1c051fda81991ec2897c749ea4719ea4fddd6838117cc0/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/1f2a3e382e04c4d7f0b5d907091487ddb83d8809f45a41ad453e21e3b9ad2749/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/5cc8976f800d759c072cbf85ee4772eefc369f19c678f6be0a0ab0a9e43c6d1f/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/2236d265460ef9436afd3772a772e75a6ca68c4f42f95c949f541394649b80b6/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/a0ef1be9cc4d62dc71b3217643bd906ee7b2e2fd4c7d9faaffb10eb2cc427f84/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/1c58f1c281218c81b158aecec2a6916734590eb693f0b13cc6fbad4ed270e90e/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/08d9bd91e7518c74fce61c3c415790cf0f8879cfdc4ec267505ebd3e5f565e56/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/1348ae04abbf6a379ef3513e7e80983642b2f6a8e2b3e3297f72e54d741b0be5/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/98dd357d854916a64f0bde7d1df2a2d821b428c43d219a1ee926d7a976120ede/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/2c60de8e7fcfb7dc12151eaa9a6403cfad5a8ab5b90dea493bcabf812ee37fbc/diff",
                "MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/af3e66825c1b954f8d4f7617cebb1fcf1c10c991df29ddc4e3d4c5cdd07a9d28/merged",
                "UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/af3e66825c1b954f8d4f7617cebb1fcf1c10c991df29ddc4e3d4c5cdd07a9d28/diff",
                "WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/af3e66825c1b954f8d4f7617cebb1fcf1c10c991df29ddc4e3d4c5cdd07a9d28/work"
            },
            "Name": "overlay2"
        },
        "Mounts": [
            {
                "Type": "bind",
                "Source": "/home/d3ic1de/Desktop/lnmp",
                "Destination": "/app/public",
                "Mode": "rw",
                "RW": true,
                "Propagation": "rprivate"
            }
        ],
        "Config": {
            "Hostname": "33f46149ea98",
            "Domainname": "",
            "User": "",
            "AttachStdin": false,
            "AttachStdout": false,
            "AttachStderr": false,
            "ExposedPorts": {
                "3306/tcp": {},
                "80/tcp": {}
            },
            "Tty": false,
            "OpenStdin": false,
            "StdinOnce": false,
            "Env": [
                "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
            ],
            "Cmd": null,
            "Image": "fbraz3/lnmp",
            "Volumes": {
                "/app/public": {}
            },
            "WorkingDir": "",
            "Entrypoint": [
                "/docker-entrypoint.sh"
            ],
            "OnBuild": null,
            "Labels": {
                "com.docker.compose.config-hash": "4fffe6d4eb4ca1ef849c69fe9e9f1c9f40524731116ae330e2af822d1d17c853",
                "com.docker.compose.container-number": "1",
                "com.docker.compose.oneoff": "False",
                "com.docker.compose.project": "lnmp",
                "com.docker.compose.project.config_files": "docker-compose.yml",
                "com.docker.compose.project.working_dir": "/home/d3ic1de/Desktop/lnmp",
                "com.docker.compose.service": "web",
                "com.docker.compose.version": "1.29.2",
                "org.opencontainers.image.ref.name": "ubuntu",
                "org.opencontainers.image.version": "22.04"
            }
        },
        "NetworkSettings": {
            "Bridge": "",
            "SandboxID": "ace42eae9a6986cb1ef738bf5ba7569f675306a60945d0a07273c6a1b29aa0a7",
            "HairpinMode": false,
            "LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
            "LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "Ports": {
                "3306/tcp": [
                    {
                        "HostIp": "127.0.0.1",
                        "HostPort": "3306"
                    }
                ],
                "80/tcp": [
                    {
                        "HostIp": "127.0.0.1",
                        "HostPort": "80"
                    }
                ]
            },
            "SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/ace42eae9a69",
            "SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
            "SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
            "EndpointID": "21c954855f3136add678ddd8a2330f54f03613cb99a6b4aeb2bd79b602936836",
            "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
            "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
            "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
            "IPPrefixLen": 16,
            "IPv6Gateway": "",
            "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
            "Networks": {
                "bridge": {
                    "IPAMConfig": null,
                    "Links": null,
                    "Aliases": null,
                    "NetworkID": "590e637f848220fd6191d29a6ac5642718f0536b9b13ed7c92d0c53d1bba79b1",
                    "EndpointID": "21c954855f3136add678ddd8a2330f54f03613cb99a6b4aeb2bd79b602936836",
                    "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
                    "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
                    "IPPrefixLen": 16,
                    "IPv6Gateway": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
                    "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
                    "DriverOpts": null
                }
            }
        }
    }
]

进入当前正在进行的容器

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# 命令
docker exec -it 容器id bashShell

Options:
  -d, --detach               Detached mode: run command in the background
      --detach-keys string   Override the key sequence for detaching a container
  -e, --env list             Set environment variables
      --env-file list        Read in a file of environment variables
  -i, --interactive          Keep STDIN open even if not attached
      --privileged           Give extended privileges to the command
  -t, --tty                  Allocate a pseudo-TTY
  -u, --user string          Username or UID (format: "<name|uid>[:<group|gid>]")
  -w, --workdir string       Working directory inside the container

# 测试
d3ic1de@d3ic1de-virtual-machine:~/Desktop$ docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED          STATUS          PORTS     NAMES
2540f2b9ecf1   centos    "/bin/sh -c 'while t…"   44 minutes ago   Up 44 minutes             affectionate_kare
d3ic1de@d3ic1de-virtual-machine:~/Desktop$ docker exec -it 2540f2b9ecf1 /bin/bash
[root@2540f2b9ecf1 /]# ls
bin  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  lost+found  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var
[root@2540f2b9ecf1 /]# ps -ef
UID          PID    PPID  C STIME TTY          TIME CMD
root           1       0  0 06:26 ?        00:00:04 /bin/sh -c while true;do echo 111;sleep 1;done
root        2706       0  0 07:11 pts/0    00:00:00 /bin/bash
root        3007       1  0 07:16 ?        00:00:00 /usr/bin/coreutils --coreutils-prog-shebang=sleep /usr/bin/sleep 1
root        3008    2706  0 07:16 pts/0    00:00:00 ps -ef

# 方式二
docker attach 容器id

Options:
      --detach-keys string   Override the key sequence for detaching a container
      --no-stdin             Do not attach STDIN
      --sig-proxy            Proxy all received signals to the process (default true)
      
d3ic1de@d3ic1de-virtual-machine:~/Desktop$ docker attach 2540f2b9ecf1
正在执行当前的代码

# docker exec        # 进入容器后开启一个新的终端，可以在里面操作（常用）
# docker attach      # 进入容器正在执行的终端，不会启动新的进程

从容器内拷贝文件到主机上

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docker cp 容器id:容器内路径  目的的主机路径

# 查看当前主机目录下
d3ic1de@d3ic1de-virtual-machine:/home$ ls
d3ic1de
d3ic1de@d3ic1de-virtual-machine:/home$ docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED          STATUS          PORTS     NAMES
2851d76877c5   centos    "/bin/bash"   25 seconds ago   Up 23 seconds             affectionate_beaver
# 进入容器内部
d3ic1de@d3ic1de-virtual-machine:/home$ docker attach 2851d76877c5
[root@2851d76877c5 /]# cd /home
[root@2851d76877c5 home]# ls
# 在容器内新建文件
[root@2851d76877c5 home]# touch test.py
[root@2851d76877c5 home]# ls
test.py
[root@2851d76877c5 home]# exit
exit
d3ic1de@d3ic1de-virtual-machine:/home$ docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES
d3ic1de@d3ic1de-virtual-machine:/home$ docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED          STATUS                      PORTS     NAMES
2851d76877c5   centos    "/bin/bash"   26 minutes ago   Exited (0) 17 seconds ago             affectionate_beaver
# 将容器内的文件拷贝到主机上
d3ic1de@d3ic1de-virtual-machine:/home$ sudo docker cp 2851d76877c5:/home/test.py /home
[sudo] password for d3ic1de: 
Successfully copied 1.54kB to /home
d3ic1de@d3ic1de-virtual-machine:/home$ ls
d3ic1de  test.py
d3ic1de@d3ic1de-virtual-machine:/home$ 

# 拷贝是一个手动过程，使用 -v 卷的技术，可以自动实现

命令汇总

Use the Docker command line | Docker Documentation

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attach	    # 将本地标准输入、输出和错误流附加到正在运行的容器
build	    # 从 Docker 文件构建映像
builder	    # 管理生成
checkpoint	# 管理检查点
commit	    # 根据容器的更改创建新映像
config	    # 管理群配置
container	# 管理容器
context	    # 管理上下文
cp	        # 在容器和本地文件系统之间复制文件/文件夹
create	    # 创建新容器
diff	    # 检查对容器文件系统上的文件或目录的更改
events	    # 从服务器获取实时事件
exec	    # 在正在运行的容器中执行命令
export	    # 将容器的文件系统导出为 tar 归档
history	    # 显示图像的历史记录
image	    # 管理图像
images	    # 列表图像
import	    # 从压缩包导入内容以创建文件系统映像
info	    # 显示系统范围的信息
inspect	    # 返回有关 Docker 对象的低级信息
kill	    # 终止一个或多个正在运行的容器
load	    # 从 tar 存档或 STDIN 加载图像
login	    # 登录到注册表
logout	    # 从注册表注销
logs	    # 获取容器的日志
manifest	# 管理 Docker 映像清单和清单列表
network	    # 管理网络
node	    # 管理群节点
pause	    # 暂停一个或多个容器中的所有进程
plugin	    # 管理插件
port	    # 列出容器的端口映射或特定映射
ps	        # 列出容器
pull	    # 从注册表下载映像
push	    # 将映像上传到注册表
rename	    # 重命名容器
restart	    # 重新启动一个或多个容器
rm	        # 删除一个或多个容器
rmi	        # 删除一个或多个图像
run	        # 从映像创建并运行新容器
save	    # 将一张或多张图像保存到 tar 存档（默认情况式传输到 STDOUT）
search	    # 在 Docker Hub 中搜索映像
secret	    # 管理群机密
service	    # 管理群服务
stack	    # 管理群堆栈
start	    # 启动一个或多个已停止的容器
stats	    # 显示容器资源使用情况统计信息的实时流
stop	    # 停止一个或多个正在运行的容器
swarm	    # 管理群
system	    # 管理docker
tag	        # 创建引用SOURCE_IMAGE的标记TARGET_IMAGE
top	        # 显示容器正在运行的进程
trust	    # 管理 Docker 映像上的信任
unpause	    # 取消暂停一个或多个容器中的所有进程
update	    # 更新一个或多个容器的配置
version	    # 显示 Docker 版本信息
volume	    # 管理卷
wait	    # 阻止，直到一个或多个容器停止，然后打印其退出代码